What is a third-party notification?
Third-party notification is a special legal procedure that allows To the defendant As part of a civil lawsuit, file Conditional claim Against another party, against whom the defendant claims that he is responsible for the damage or is obligated to pay compensation. Sometimes such a message is also referred to as a third-party message.
Because the whole essence of A third-party notice is a conditional claim., the person who received such a notice may pay only if the claim against the defendant is accepted (plaintiff -> defendant -> receives third party notice). That is, if the court determines that the claim should be accepted and the defendant is required to pay the plaintiff some compensation, if a notice was sent to a third party, the court may determine that the third party will pay the same amount (or part of it) to the defendant.
The disadvantage of a third-party notice is that if a third party does not pay the defendant despite the existence of verdict which obliges him to do so, the defendant must still pay the plaintiff in accordance with the judgment (and at the same time the defendant will be forced to resort to enforcement proceedings against a third party).
Legal provisions that allow a message to be sent to a third party
Regulations 22-23 of the Regulations Civil procedure, תשע"ט – 2018 הן אלה שמסדירות את האפשרות לשלוח הודעה לצד ג', והן קובעות כך:
22. A defendant may give notice to a third party to any person, in cases where he is entitled to participation, compensation or performance of an action from him regarding the relief claimed from him or if there is a common factual or legal connection in an issue between him and the third party, involving the subject matter of the claim.
23. (A) The regulations regarding the filing of a statement of claim, a statement of defense, and a statement of reply as stated in Section A of Chapter 3 shall apply, with the necessary changes, to a notice to a third party, to a statement of defense by a third party to a notice against him, and to a statement of reply to a statement of defense as stated.
(on) The notice to the third party shall be accompanied by copies of the pleadings filed in the action, if they were not previously filed; the notice to the third party shall be filed within the time specified for filing a defense under Regulation 9(b).
(third) A third party who has been served with a notice is treated as a defendant for all intents and purposes, but he is not entitled to file a counterclaim.
(d) If a third party wishes to dispute the notice against him or the statement of claim filed against the party who gave the notice, he shall file a statement of defense within sixty days from the date the notice was served on him.
(the) The court will order the timing of the hearing of the third-party notice and the order in which it will be conducted.
In what cases can a notification be submitted to a third party?
In all Civil lawsuit or Financial claim For amounts exceeding 75,000 shekels, a notice can be filed with a third party by right. That is, there is no need to request the court's permission for this.
On the other hand, within the framework A lawsuit in a speedy trial (A claim for an amount up to 75 thousand shekels) must request the court's permission before sending a notice to a third party. This matter is regulated by Regulation 80(b) of the Civil Procedure Regulations, which states as follows:
A defendant in a fast-track hearing may, upon filing the defense, give notice to a third party pursuant to regulations 22 and 23, If the court has given permission to do soHowever, the deadline for filing a defense by the third party is forty-five days.
In other words, before sending a notice to a third party, you must contact the court and request permission to do so. This means that you must explain to the court (usually, along with an affidavit verifying the facts) why, in your opinion, a third party should be involved in the proceedings.
Supreme Court ruling on the purpose of third-party notification
ניתן למצוא דוגמאות רבות לפסיקות בית המשפט העליון בנושא זה. אחת מהן ניתנה במסגרת רע"א 5820/19 שופרסל בע"מ נ' אברהם אלעד גריינר (פסק דין מיום 30.1.2020), בו נקבע, בין היתר, כך:
הודעה לצד שלישי מאפשרת לנתבע שהוגשה נגדו תובענה להעביר לצד שלישי את האחריות, כולה או מקצתה, בגין התביעה שהוגשה נגדו – ובמובן זה, מדובר בתביעה "נספחת" או תביעה "על תנאי", שמשתכללת רק אם הנתבע חויב כלפי התובע (רע"א 4962/19 לוקי בניה ופיתוח בע"מ נ' דנקנר, [פורסם בנבו] פסקאות 20-19 (19.11.2019) (להלן: עניין דנקנר); אורי גורן סוגיות בסדר דין אזרחי כרך א 185-183 (מהדורה שלוש עשרה, 2020)). מטרת ההודעה לצד שלישי היא לרכז תחת "קורת גג אחת", ככל האפשר, את ההליכים המשפטיים בעניין מסוים או כאלה הנובעים ממנו – בראש ובראשונה על מנת למנוע הכרעות סותרות; שכן במצב שבו מתנהלים שני הליכים נפרדים, הצד השלישי שלא נטל חלק בהתדיינות הראשונה איננו כפוף להכרעה שהתקבלה בה.
In addition, notification to a third party saves judicial resources and expenses associated with conducting a separate lawsuit against a third party, and even reduces the period of time that elapses between the defendant's obligation to the plaintiff and the decision on the defendant's claims against the third party - and for all of these reasons, this is a procedure that may make a real contribution to the efficiency of the proceedings. (להרחבה בנושא ראו: עניין דנקנר, פסקאות 30-28; רע"א 5635/13 קורל-תל בע"מ נ' רז, [פורסם בנבו] פסקאות 19-17 והאסמכתאות שם (1.4.2015) (להלן: עניין קורל-תל); עניין עיריית חיפה, פסקה 11; רע"א 3006/11 בית חולים העמק נ' עיזבון המנוחה גלעדי, [פורסם בנבו] פסקה 5 (8.12.2011)).
On the other hand, third-party notification has a significant disadvantage from the plaintiff's perspective - as he is required to deal with a procedure that is often several times more complex, involving a greater number of litigants facing him, and this also has an impact on the costs of managing the procedure; all this, when there is a possibility that the main claim will be dismissed, in which case the resources invested in third-party notification and dealing with it will have been wasted (Coral-Tel case, paragraph 20).
Is it possible to submit a notice to a third party as part of an application for approval of a class action?
The possibility of submitting a notification to a third party as part of an application for approval Class action lawsuit It is not specified in any legal provision, but is a possibility created following a Supreme Court ruling.
There is no right to submit a notice to a third party in a class action proceeding, but one must request the court's permission to do so. In this case too, one must explain and convince why another party is necessary to clarify the dispute. It is advisable to consult with Class Action Lawyer This option has not yet been taken up in a class action proceeding. The request must be submitted at the latest together with the response to the request for approval.
In the previously mentioned ruling, the Supreme Court also addressed the possibility of sending a notice to a third party as part of a request to approve a class action lawsuit, and ruled, among other things, as follows:
ההלכה המנחה בנוגע להגשת הודעה לצד שלישי בהליכים ייצוגיים נקבעה זה מכבר בפסק הדין שניתן בעניין קורל-תל. נקבע כי למרות שחוק תובענות ייצוגיות, התשס"ו-2006 ותקנות תובענות ייצוגיות, התש"ע-2010 אינם כוללים התייחסות לאפשרות להגיש הודעה לצד שלישי בהליך ייצוגי, ניתן להחיל את ההוראות שנקבעו בתקנות סד"א בנושא (פרק י"ז לתקנות סד"א (תקנות 223-216)) "בשינויים המחויבים" גם בהליכים ייצוגיים; זאת מכוח תקנה 19(א) לתקנות תובענות ייצוגיות.
This determination was justified by the fact that the purposes underlying the referral of a notice to a third party in a regular civil proceeding also apply in class proceedings, and sometimes even more so due to the amounts of damages that are usually claimed in class actions and the enormous damage that may be caused to the defendant if he is prevented from submitting a notice to a third party (Coral-Tel case, paragraphs 23-25). It was further stated that despite the fact that the fear that the defendant will abuse the mechanism of notification to a third party in order to complicate and burden the proceedings is heightened in a class action proceeding – the above does not lead to the result that it will not be possible at all to refer a notice to a third party in a class action.
לנוכח המאפיינים הייחודיים של ההליך הייצוגי נקבע כי הודעה לצד שלישי בתובענה ייצוגית מחייבת קבלת רשות מאת בית משפט (ובמובן זה הגשת הודעה לצד שלישי בהליך הייצוגי היא לפי תקנה 217 לתקנות סד"א); כאשר הנטייה תהא ליתן רשות להגשת הודעה לצד שלישי מקום שהנתבע הציג "ביסוס ראוי לחבותו של הצד השלישי כלפיו". בהקשר זה צוין כי בית משפט אינו נדרש להיכנס לעובי הקורה בעת בחינת בקשה להגשת הודעה לצד שלישי, אף לא לערוך בירור עובדתי – ועל ההחלטה להתקבל תוך דיון ענייני ויעיל, על מנת שלא לעכב יתר על המידה את בירור ההליך הייצוגי עצמו; ואולם יש לוודא כי הבקשה להפנות הודעה לצד שלישי איננה צעד אסטרטגי, שיש בו משום שימוש לרעה בהליכי בית משפט.
In addition, it was determined that despite the awkwardness and burden that may result from the addition of the third party to the class action, it should be examined whether this is not preferable to conducting a complete and separate proceeding against the third party; and it was further noted that although weight should be given to the differences between the claims in the main proceeding and those directed against the third party, it is also necessary to consider the need to allow the third party to raise its claims in the main proceeding regarding the level of relations between the plaintiff and the defendant.
In conclusion
A third-party notice or third-party notice is a conditional claim sent by the defendant to another party that the defendant claims is relevant to the resolution of the dispute, and may owe payment for the damages alleged in the claim.
The mere acceptance of the claim against the defendant does not necessarily require the acceptance of the claim against the third party. If the third party does not pay according to the judgment to the defendant, this does not exempt the defendant from payment according to the judgment to the plaintiff.
A notice to a third party can be sent ex officio (without obtaining permission from the court) in a claim for an amount exceeding 75,000 shekels. If you wish to submit such a notice as part of a claim for an amount less than 75,000 shekels (as part of an expedited hearing), you must first request the court's permission.
Permission to send a notice to a third party can also be requested as part of a request to approve a class action lawsuit.
It is always advisable to consult with Claims lawyer experienced.
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Third Party Notification
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Can a notice be sent to a third party in every claim?
There are procedures in which a notice can be sent to a third party by right and other procedures in which such a notice can be sent only after obtaining permission from the court.
You can consult with Attorney Eddie Blitstein On this subject. -
When is a notice served on a third party?
A third-party notice is submitted at the time a defense is filed. If you requested an extension of time to file a defense, it is recommended that you also request an extension of time to file a third-party notice in the same request (for precautionary reasons only).
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Are third-party notification and third-party notification the same thing?
yes.
Overall, these are slightly different names for the same statement of claim. In practice, the name "Notice to Third Party" is slightly more common. -
Will a plaintiff who wins a lawsuit receive payment from the defendant or a third party?
Sending a notice to a third party is done solely by the defendant. If the plaintiff wins the lawsuit, the one who will have to pay him is the defendant. At the same time, the court may order the third party to pay the same amount to the defendant.
If a third party does not pay the defendant, the defendant is still obligated to pay the judgment to the plaintiff.
