Judgment – ​​can it be received at the beginning of the procedure or only at its conclusion?

What is a verdict?

A judgment is a final decision in which the court determines the outcome of the proceedings. The judge hearing the case may determine in a judgment whether to accept or reject the claim (in whole or in part). In the vast majority of cases, a judgment will be reasoned (except A judgment rendered pursuant to Section 79A of the Courts Law) by the judge and will detail the main facts, the parties' evidence, how the judge was impressed by the witnesses and why he reached the conclusion he actually reached.

Every plaintiff who files a lawsuit wants to receive a verdict as soon as possible because without a verdict, the plaintiff cannot obtain his wishes from the defendant or take enforcement proceedings against the defendant if the defendant does not comply with the verdict. One of the biggest problems in Israeli law is the heavy workload resulting from the many lawsuits filed in the courts. As a result, the path to receiving a verdict is long and tedious, and sometimes years may pass before the judge makes a final decision on the lawsuit.

Despite this unencouraging reality, there are a number of cases in which a verdict can be obtained in the early stages of any Financial claim or Civil lawsuit.

Obtaining a verdict in the absence of a defense

אחד המקרים היותר נפוצים בהם ניתן לקבל פס"ד בתחילתו של כל הליך שיפוטי הוא כאשר נתבע אינו מגיש DefenseIf the plaintiff convinces the judge that he did invent Claim lawfully and the defendant did not file the defense on time, and did not request an extension of time for filing a defense, the court may grant Judgment in the absence of a defense.

Delivery of a claim Legally, it is usually carried out by registered mail with confirmation of delivery or by a courier who signs the defendant's receipt of the claim.

עורך דין אדי בליטשטיין
Claims lawyer Eddie Blitstein explains receiving a verdict

כאשר מוגשת תביעה בסדר דין רגיל (תביעה בסכום העולה על 75 אלף ש"ח) יש להגיש Defense within 60 days From the date of receipt of the claim. As part of A lawsuit in a speedy trial (תביעה בסכום עד 75 אלף ש"ח) צריכים להגיש כתב הגנה תוך 45 ימים מועד קבלת כתב התביעה. כלומר, ניתן לבקש פסק דין בהעדר הגנה מיד בחלוף המועדים האלה, וכמובן ככל שהנתבע לא הגיש את כתב הגנתו.

יחד עם זאת, חשוב לדעת שקבלת פס"ד בהעדר הגנה אינו סוף הסיפור. תקנה 131 לתקנות Civil procedure Allows the defendant to request that the judgment be set aside. This regulation states as follows:

If the court has given a decision ex parte and the party against whom the decision was given has filed a motion to annul it within thirty days of the date on which the decision was served on him, the court may annul it, under such conditions as it deems appropriate; this provision shall not apply to an application to the court under Regulation 33(d).

That is, if the defendant filed Request to annul a judgment in the absence of a defense Within 30 days of receiving the judgment, the judge may overturn the judgment and continue the proceedings. If the judge chooses to overturn the judgment, there is a high probability that he will Legal expenses On the defendant.

If the court rejected a request to set aside a judgment in the absence of a defense, the defendant must consider Filing an appeal.

Receiving a verdict in the absence of appearance for the hearing

מצב נפוץ נוסף במסגרתו ניתן לקבל פס"ד בשלב מוקדם יחסית של ההליך, הוא אם הנתבע או התובע לא התייצבו לקדם המשפט. בעניין זה ניתן להסתייע בתקנות 61(ד), 75 אשר קובעות כך:

61(d) Failure to appear at the pre-trial hearing is treated as failure to appear at the hearing.

75. If a party fails to appear and no reasonable excuse is given for the failure to appear, the following provisions shall apply:

(1) If the plaintiff does not appear, the court will strike out the statement of claim or dismiss the claim if it finds special reasons for dismissal;

(2) If the defendant did not appear and the plaintiff did appear, the plaintiff may prove his claim, and will be entitled to the relief he requested based on the evidence received.

In other words, failure to appear for the pre-trial or evidentiary hearing allows the judge to issue a ruling. In the event that the plaintiff does not appear for the hearing, the judge may order a Deleting a claimWithout a statement of claim, the procedure cannot continue.

If the defendant does not appear at the hearing, the judge may accept the claim and render a verdict in the case based on the evidence presented.

גם במקרה זה קבלת פס"ד לא בהכרח מסיימת לחלוטין את ההליך. בדומה למצב שבו לא הוגש כתב הגנה, גם במקרה זה מי שלא התייצב לדיון רשאי להגיש Request to annul a judgment in default of appearance, and try to convince the judge to overturn the verdict. Even in this case, if the judge is indeed convinced and the verdict is overturned, the party who did not appear for the hearing is expected to be liable for legal costs.

קחו בחשבון שהפסיקה העדכנית איננה תמיד תומכת בביטול פס"ד בהעדר התייצבות, ולעיתים מחדלי הצד שלא התייצב נזקפים לחובתו ופסק הדין לא מבוטל, במיוחד אם מדובר בנתבע וסיכויי הגנתו אינם גבוהים במיוחד.

A new ruling by the Supreme Court allows a verdict to be obtained even if a defense has been filed and the parties have come to a hearing.

בתאריך 26.1.2023 ניתן פס"ד על ידי בית המשפט העליון המפרט באילו מקרים השופט רשאי לתת פסק דין כבר בסיומו של Pre-trial First, even if the defendant filed a defense and appeared for the hearing.

פסק דין
Supreme Court ruling on the issue of issuing a verdict already during the pre-trial phase

Among other things, the Supreme Court ruled as follows:

לצד האמור, מובן כי ישנם הבדלים לא מבוטלים בין מחיקה מוקדמת של כתב תביעה, לבין מתן פסק דין בשלב קדם המשפט. הבדל מרכזי בין אלה, עניינו בהשלכות המשפטיות הנובעות מן השימוש בכל אחת מהסמכויות הנ"ל – מחיקת כתב תביעה, משנמצא כי אינו מגלה עילת תביעה, או מכל סיבה אחרת, אינה יוצרת Court action, and therefore, a plaintiff whose claim has been struck out can amend and resubmit (Rule 41(b) of the new regulations). לעומת זאת, מתן פס"ד בשלב קדם המשפט, משמעותו היא כי ניתן פסק דין לכל דבר ועניין, היוצר מעשה בית דין בכל הנוגע לתביעות אלה (ע"א 246/66 קלוז'נר נ' שמעוני, פ"ד כב(2) 561, 583 (1968)).

Although, even the deletion of a claim has a significant impact on the plaintiff (Rozen-Zvi, pp. 250-251),And the aforementioned difference, naturally, makes the decision regarding the issuance of a judgment at the pre-trial stage, of much more far-reaching significance, compared to the consequences resulting from the deletion of a claim. In this sense, the authority to issue a judgment at the preliminary stage is similar to the court's authority to early dismiss a claim, since the latter also creates a judicial act. (Goren, pages 306-307).

אם כן, בשלב קדם המשפט, מצויים אנו לאחר שהוגש כתב ההגנה, ולאחר שנעשה בירור מסוים של העובדות והטענות, במסגרת ישיבת קדם המשפט; לעתים גם לאחר כמה ישיבות כאלה. בהינתן שזהו השלב המוקדם ביותר, שבו קיימת אפשרות לתת פסק דין לזכותו של תובע, אזי, כדברי השופט נ' הנדל, "השימוש במונח 'דחיית תביעה על הסף' ו'קבלת תביעה על הסף' עשוי ליצור באוזנו של המשפטן מעין הקבלה. ולא היא. […] אין מקרה מובהק בו ההגנה נדחתה על הסף" (עניין ניב, פסקה 2 לחוות דעתו) (ההדגשות הוּספו – נ' ס'). זאת, שכן, על אף 'שיתוף השם' שרווח בפסיקה, בהתייחס לשני המצבים הללו, הרי שבשלב קדם המשפט שוב אין מדובר בסף ההליך.

על כן, יש מקום לטעמי, לאמץ מבחן שיהווה מעין 'תמונת תשליל' למבחן 'סיכויי התביעה': מבחן סיכויי ההגנה. בהתאם למבחן זה, ניתן להכריע בשאלה אם יש מקום ליתן פסק דין, כבר בשלב קדם המשפט. השאלה שעלינו לבחון אפוא, היא זו: מהם סיכויי ההגנה, נוכח טענותיה המשפטיות, בהינתן התשתית העובדתית שניתן לגבש לגביהן? ככל שימצֵא כי מדובר בסיכויים אפסיים ממש, הרי שמדובר ב"כתב הגנה שאינו מגלה הגנה כלל", וניתן יהיה לסיים את ההליך לאלתר, בדרך של מתן פסק דין.

also, Insofar as we are concerned with granting an early judgment in favor of a plaintiff, this is in fact a matter of designing the appropriate way to deal with futile defenses. Therefore, there is also a 'mitigating' element in this context, with regard to the concern about abuse of legal proceedings, and the filing of a defense that is, in effect, about disrupting the process, suspending it, achieving purposes that are external to it, and so on. (ראו, בהקשר זה, תקנה 4 לתקנות החדשות; רע"א 8921/20 SKS Holding LLC נ' אורן, פסקאות 30-27 [פורסם בנבו] (13.5.2021); רוזן-צבי, עמוד 41).

Alongside the aforementioned, there are also important considerations, which are 'pulls' on the other hand. Thus, it seems that the early termination of a futile legal proceeding serves efficiency. In this regard, if it is found, already at the preliminary stage, that there is no point or benefit in conducting the lawsuit, then the most efficient thing - both for the parties and for the public as a whole - is to stop the proceeding immediately, before it becomes prolonged, cumbersome and ramified - a course of action that will only lead to the same result, which it was clear that we would reach from the beginning. In this way, many judicial costs imposed on the parties and the public will be saved, and valuable judicial time will be saved, which can be channeled towards necessary inquiries in other proceedings.

לא זו אף זו: עצירה מוקדמת של ההליך, במקרים המתאימים, עשויה לקדם את בירור האמת. עם התקדמות ההליך, מתרבות העלויות המושתות על בעלי הדין לצורך ניהולו (דברי ההסבר לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשע"ט-2018, עמוד 2 (להלן: דברי ההסבר)). עלויות אלה, עשויות לאלץ בעלי דין שאמצעיהם מוגבלים, להיות נכונים להתפשר עם בעלי דין חזקים מהם, וזאת אף כאשר הצדק עם הראשונים. עצירה מוקדמת של ההליך, עשויה אפוא למנוע אותן פשרות דחק, שלא היו באות לעולם, אלמלא עלויות המשפט המאמירות (רוזן-צבי, עמוד 250; ערן טאוסיג "הפירוט העובדתי הנדרש בכתבי טענות והסטנדרט הראוי לסילוק תביעה על הסף בהיעדר עילה" עלי משפט ט 111, 145-144 (2011) (להלן: טאוסיג)).

For this reason, the increase in the inputs required for the conduct of the trial, as the procedure progresses, the harm caused to the plaintiff, who is required to deal with a defense devoid of substance, also becomes more severe. When a plaintiff has a justified right, according to law, the defendant has no vested right to delay the exercise of this right until the full and final conclusion of the legal proceedings. Although, in most cases, this delay is nothing more than a necessity, due to the need to conduct a legal investigation; however, when there is no need for such an investigation, because it is clear from the beginning of the procedure that the plaintiff is right in his claim – there is no reason to delay him, without justification, from exercising his rights. These things are all the more true, given the fact that more than once, the defendant has an interest in 'postponing the end'

Moreover, it can be assumed that these rules will also have an ex ante effect, since if the defendant knows that a futile defense will not yield him any profit or desired result (such as deterring the other party or obtaining any documents as part of the discovery proceedings), the defendant will refrain from filing it, from the outset, and instead may accept the justified demands of the other party. Of course, this will further increase the benefits achieved, as described above, from an early termination of the proceedings, when its outcome is clear and known. 

I will now move from dealing with the characteristics of the cases in which it will be possible to issue a judgment at the pre-trial stage to dealing with the appropriate procedure for this purpose. The test of the prospects of the defense, which has just been described, deals with identifying those characteristics that are required to be met in order to issue an early judgment. However, even when these characteristics are met, given the nature of the dispute between the parties – this alone is not sufficient. In order to issue a judgment at the pre-trial stage, it is also necessary to go through a certain procedural process, in order to ascertain whether there is indeed a place to make use of the aforementioned authority; in appropriate cases – this procedural outline will also be in order to prepare the ground for the early judgment. Conducting in this way stems, to a large extent, from the very nature of the authority to issue a judgment, already at the pre-trial stage.

Thus, it was described above that a significant part of the justification for granting the early judgment lies in the fact that this was done at the pre-trial stage, after a certain investigation had taken place, during which the parties' arguments were also heard. For this reason, it seems that there is no reason to use the regulation 63(b)(16) of the new regulations, except after the said meeting has been held, and after the parties have been heard within the framework thereof. Also, with regard to the content of that meeting, the parties should be allowed to express their position therein, inter alia, regarding the very question of whether there is a need to issue the judgment, already at the pre-trial stage. This is similar to the proper course, as a rule, with regard to decisions made in the proceedings; especially when, in the opinion of the court, a decision may be issued that will bring the proceedings to an immediate end (see: Zussman, pages 456-457). 

סיכום ביניים: סבורני כי לצורך עשיית שימוש בתקנה 63(ב)(16) לתקנות החדשות, יש לעבור דרך מבחן סיכויי ההגנה, הדומה לגישה שננקטה ביחס לסמכות זו, כפי שנקבעה בתקנות הקודמות, ובדומה לאופן שבו מופעלת סמכותו של בית המשפט, למחוק כתב תביעה שאינו מגלה עילה. על-פי גישה זו, לאחר קיום ישיבה שבה ישָמעו הצדדים, ולאחר שהועלתה, בין היתר, האפשרות כי ינתן פסק דין בשלב מוקדם של ההליך, יבדוק בית המשפט את סיכויי ההגנה, על יסוד הטענות המשפטיות שהעלה הנתבע בכתב הגנתו. אם ימצֵא, כי בהתאם למצע העובדתי שניתן לגבש, כבר בשלב זה, הטיעון המשפטי שבכתב ההגנה "אינו מגלה הגנה כלל" – יש מקום ליתן פסק דין, על אתר, נגד הנתבע.

עורך דין אדי בליטשטיין
Need legal assistance to obtain a judgment or to have a judgment overturned? Contact Attorney Eddie Blitstein

In conclusion

קבלת פס"ד לפני סיומו של ההליך השיפוטי הוא דבר חריג ונובע בדרך כלל ממחדל כלשהו הרלוונטי לבעל הדין. כך לדוגמה אם הנתבע לא הגיש כתב הגנה במועד או מישהו מבעלי הדין לא התייצב לדיון, ניתן יהיה לקבל פסק דין בהעדר הגנה או פסק דין בהעדר התייצבות.

In these cases, the procedure is not completely over because the party can still file a motion and demand to have his day in court. In most cases, the judges will overturn the judgment (especially if the claim is for a significant amount) but will impose legal costs on that party (sometimes a considerable amount).

Recently, a new ruling was issued by the Supreme Court detailing the cases in which it is possible and appropriate to issue a judgment already in the pre-trial stage. These are cases in which the defendant has no defense at all and after being given the opportunity to present his arguments, the court may conclude the proceedings already in the pre-trial stage.

For proper representation in court, it is always advisable to consult with Claims lawyer experienced.

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Receiving a Judgment

  • Is it possible to get a verdict in a short time?

    yes.
    There are several common situations in which a judgment can be obtained within a short time, and these are when the defendant does not file a defense on time or if one of the parties (the plaintiff or the defendant) does not appear for the hearing.

    In addition, this article details a new ruling by the Supreme Court that determines in which cases it is appropriate to issue a verdict already in the pre-trial stage, even when the defendant has filed a defense and appeared for the hearing.

  • How long does it usually take to receive a verdict?

    In a small claim – several months.
    במסגרת תביעה בדיון מהיר (עד 75 אלף ש"ח) – בדרך כלל עד שנה.
    במסגרת תביעה בסדר דין מהיר (מעל 75 אלף ש"ח) – בדרך כלל מעל שנה.
    within Class action lawsuit Which does not end in a settlement – ​​several years.

  • Is every judgment made public?

    Most of the judgments are indeed published (at least there is no prohibition against publishing them) to the public and can be found in legal databases or through a Google search.

    It is prohibited to publish judgments for which it has been determined that the hearing will be held behind closed doors or judgments given in the Family Court (these judgments are usually published after the judge permits publication and only after identifying details relevant to the parties are deleted).

  • What do you do if, after receiving a judgment, the defendant does not pay?

    In these cases, you should contact the issuing office to take action and begin collection procedures.

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