Temporary or permanent injunction – when is it possible to file a claim for an injunction?

What is a warrant?

An injunction is a temporary or permanent relief that aims to secure a party's right. The meaning of an injunction is to oblige a person or other entity to perform a certain action (hence the name of the injunction).

In exceptional cases, a declaratory order can be requested even before filing a lawsuit (in most cases, these requests are not accepted), but usually a lawsuit for a declaratory order is filed with the court so that the court can consider the parties' claims on the merits and decide based on the evidence submitted by the parties. Please note – a lawsuit for an injunction will usually be simpler and quicker to decide, compared to a lawsuit that includes a demand for an injunction and monetary compensation.

תקנה 94 לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, תשע"ט – 2018 קובעת כך:

The purpose of the interim relief is to secure a right Allegedly during the legal process and the proper and efficient conduct of the process or the proper execution of the judgment.

לעומת זאת, תביעה לקבלת צו עשה אשר מסתיימת בפסק דין מעניקה צו עשה "קבוע" (ככל שסעד זה אכן התבקש בכתב התביעה). כלומר, בעל הדין נגדו ניתן צו זה חייב לבצע את הפעולה שנקבעה בפסק הדין באופן שאינו זמני (לדוגמה: מצב שבו ניתנה במסגרת פסק דין החלטה הקובעת שעל בעל הדין להרוס קיר שנבנה בניגוד לדין. החלטה שכזו אינה זמנית ולא תאפשר לבעל הדין שנגדו ניתן הצו להרוס את הקיר ולבנות אותו מחדש זמן קצר לאחר מכן).

An injunction is an order issued by the court and its purpose is to change an existing situation. (This is in contrast to the provision injunction whose purpose is Maintain the status quoA temporary injunction may be obtained (for example, an order directing a specific body to impose Temporary seizure on funds in his possession that belong to another person) or a permanent injunction (issued at the conclusion of the legal proceedings or during the proceedings if the parties have consented to this).

Injunctive relief can be requested as a request within the framework of an existing legal proceeding, an injunctive relief can be requested as a temporary or interim relief even before filing the lawsuit (provided that the lawsuit is filed within 7 days of the date the order is issued - otherwise the order will expire), and a lawsuit can be filed for an injunctive relief.

A claim for a writ of execution can be filed together with Additional remedies Or as a sole remedy. A claim for a declaratory order alone will usually be resolved in a shorter period of time compared to a claim for such an order combined with monetary remedies.

The Supreme Court's position on the issue of granting a temporary or permanent injunction

First, it is important to understand that the Supreme Court's rulings are binding rulings. That is, all other courts are subject to these decisions and must act in accordance with them.

For the purpose of receiving Temporary relief In the form of a writ of execution, the person seeking the writ must convince the court that the chances of his claim are good and that the balance of convenience is in his favor (i.e., failure to grant the writ will cause the person seeking the writ greater harm than the harm that will be caused to the person against whom the writ is sought). This matter is stipulated in Rule 95(b):

A request for temporary relief was filed. As part of a lawsuitThe court may grant the requested relief, if it is convinced, on the basis of prima facie sufficient evidence of the existence of a cause of action, of the fulfillment of the conditions for granting the relief as stated in this chapter, and of the necessity of the temporary relief for the purpose of achieving the goal.

בעניין זה בית המשפט העליון קבע כך (בר"ם 5209/15 ח'ליל ח'לאילה נ' ראש עיריית סכנין, החלטה מיום 16.9.2015):

כידוע, בהחלטה הנוגעת למתן צו ביניים נדרש בית המשפט לשני שיקולים: סיכויי העתירה ומאזן הנוחות (ראו למשל: בר"ם 6672/09 מילגם שירותים בע"מ נ' עיריית חדרה, [פורסם בנבו] פסקה ז' (23.8.2009)). בין שיקולים אלה מתקיים יחס של מקבילית כוחות, בכפוף לכך שאת הבכורה יש לתת למאזן הנוחות (ראו למשל: בר"ם 5961/15 אלגרבי נ' רשות מקרקעי ישראל, [פורסם בנבו] פסקה 8 (4.9.2015)).

…

כידוע, "צו עשה זמני" המשנה מצב קיים ראוי שיינתן במקרים חריגים בלבד, מקום בו בית המשפט נוכח כי התערבותו חיונית בכדי למנוע תוצאה קשה ביותר (ראו למשל: בר"ם 5511/12 אבו דאבי נ' מדינת ישראל [פורסם בנבו] (16.7.2012)).

במקרה אחר בית המשפט העליון קבע כך (רע"א 131/16 אביטל נעמי אשבורן נ' ברוך אייזנברג, החלטה מיום 4.2.2016):

Moreover, at this stage, it is clear that the interim situation cannot be left as it is, from a financial as well as a safety and engineering perspective, and therefore this is no longer a request to allow the existing situation to continue, But rather, a request for an injunction to restore the situation to its original state. Normally, requests of this type are not granted generously.

ובמקרה נוסף שנידון בבית המשפט העליון בעניין צווי עשה נקבע כך (רע"א 2047/16 חברת אולמי אחים סעיד אל – דהאהוד בע"מ נ' אולמות ומסעדות דאוד (2001) בע"מ, החלטה מיום 11.4.2016):

Consideration What is significant about this decision is that the temporary relief requested is an injunction, which changes the existing situation. It should be remembered that the main function of the temporary relief, which is granted in parallel with the main proceedings, is to ensure that the existing situation is maintained, in order to prevent the defendant from abusing the interim period until the judgment is rendered. Only in exceptional situations will a temporary relief be granted that involves a change in the existing situation. [ראו: עניין מימון, פסקה 22 וההפניות שם; רע"א 10076/07 בנק דיסקונט לישראל בע"מ נ' ICC Industries Inc, [פורסם בנבו] פסקה 6 (28.11.2007)].

In the circumstances of this case, it appears that the temporary reliefs ordered by the District Court constitute a change in the existing situation, since, as stated, their practical meaning is, on the face of it, a freeze on the applicants' business in its current form. Furthermore, The rule is that the court will exercise caution before ordering a temporary injunction, which changes the existing situation and which overlaps with the relief sought in the claim itself, even before the final decision has been given. The court will order a temporary injunction, but only in exceptional situations, when its intervention is necessary to prevent an extremely difficult outcome….

The conditions for submitting an application for a writ of execution

A request for a writ of execution can be filed unilaterally (without the knowledge of the party against whom the order is directed - otherwise, that party may act to thwart the order, for example, in a situation where an order is issued for the return of certain property, if the party against whom the order is directed knows that such a request is intended to be filed against him, he may sell the property to a third party, so that receiving the order may not help the person who requested it) and the order can even be received immediately without receiving a response from the opposing party.

Naturally, such conduct may cause serious damage to the party against whom the order is directed. In these situations in particular, since there is only one side's version before the court, the person requesting the order must sign a personal guarantee to compensate the person or entity against whom the order is directed for any damage that may be caused to him, to the extent that it may be caused to him (this is an attempt to reduce the cases in which futile applications are submitted). In addition, the person requesting the order must To also post a guarantee.

This issue is regulated in Regulation 96 of the Civil Procedure Regulations, which states as follows:

(a) Temporary relief shall be subject to the applicant's own undertaking for compensation as specified in subregulation (b), as well as a guarantee as specified in subregulation (c) for compensation for any damage that may be caused to the person to whom the order is addressed as a result of the granting of the temporary order, if the order expires or its scope is reduced.

(b) A self-undertaking by the applicant shall be attached to the application and shall be prepared according to the wording in Form 7 in the First Appendix; A self-obligation shall not be limited in amount, unless the court orders otherwise..

(third) The applicant shall post sufficient security, to the satisfaction of the court.However, the court may, for special reasons, exempt the applicant from depositing security, if it believes that this is just and appropriate in the circumstances of the case, and may also condition the granting of the temporary relief on several guarantees; the temporary relief will only enter into force upon the deposit of all the guarantees ordered by the court, unless the court orders otherwise for special reasons.

Application for a temporary injunction

A temporary injunction is an order that is sought to be granted immediately, based solely on the applicant's version, usually on the grounds that failure to grant the order will cause the applicant significant harm, and that if the entity against which the order is sought were to know about the request, it would act to thwart the order.

לדוגמה: אדם מבקש להטיל עיקול על כספים השייכים לפלוני. אם פלוני ידע שהוגשה נגדו בקשה לעיקול כספיו, וטרם ניתנה החלטה המורה לעקל את כספיו בפועל, הוא פשוט יעביר את הכספים לגורם אחר ("יעלים" את הכספים).

For this reason, Regulation 97(a) of the Civil Procedure Regulations states as follows:

(a) Without derogating from the powers of the court granted to it under Chapter Eight, the application for interim relief shall be heard in the presence of the parties, However, the court may, for special reasons, grant temporary interim relief ex parte, if it is satisfied, on the basis of sufficient evidence, that there is a reasonable fear that the delay caused by holding the hearing in the presence of the parties or bringing the application to the attention of the respondent will frustrate the purpose of the interim relief or cause the applicant serious harm.

Regarding a temporary seizure order, it is also worth familiarizing yourself with Regulation 97(c), which states as follows:

Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-regulation (a), applications for a temporary seizure order and an order to seize evidence shall be heard ex parte, unless the court is of the opinion that holding a hearing in the presence of the parties would not defeat the purpose of the order.

Application to the enforcement authority to enforce a judgment regarding a writ of execution

A party who received against him verdict העוסק בעניין צו עשה, ואשר אינו מקיים את הוראות פסק הדין, יכול "להסתבך" עם הליכי הוצאה לפועל. אין שום מניעה לפתוח תיק הוצאה לפועל בגין הפרת פסק דין בעניין צו עשה.

For all purposes, you must submit to the Enforcement Office Application form for enforcement of a judgment.

Frequently asked questions regarding temporary or permanent injunctions