Depositing a bond to secure the defendant's expenses – can the plaintiff be held liable?

What is a security deposit?

Depositing a security deposit is a situation in which one of the parties is required to deposit (usually) a sum of money in the court's treasury, in order to secure the opposing party's expenses.

The amount of bail varies from case to case depending on the complexity of the case and the likelihood of the claim being successful. The more complex the case is and the lower the likelihood of success, the higher the bail amount will generally be. On the other hand, if the case is less complex or involves relatively small amounts of money, and the likelihood of the claim being successful is predicted to be better, the court is likely to deny a bail application or order a relatively low amount of bail.

הפקדת ערובה להבטחת הוצאות הנתבע
Claims lawyer Eddie Blitstein explains about depositing bail

Can a defendant be required to post bail?

It is certainly possible to demand that a defendant deposit bail, and this is even regulated within the framework of Civil Procedure RegulationsRegulation 157 states in this regard as follows:

(a) The court may, if it deems it necessary, order a plaintiff to provide security for the payment of a defendant's expenses.

(b) If the guarantee is not provided within the prescribed time, it will be deleted. The statement of claim.

Depositing bail in exchange for the right to access the courts

The right of access to the courts is a very important right in our legal system, and it allows any person who feels that they have been wronged by another person or entity to go to court. The right of access to the courts is denied in very exceptional (and rare) cases, such as Blocking order.

There is always a concern that powerful entities (such as large companies) will take advantage of the possibility of requiring a security deposit to make it difficult for plaintiffs who are not financially strong to manage the lawsuit. Large companies usually have no difficulty in hiring many lawyers and submitting various applications to To delay the proceedings, including a request to deposit bail. If the request is accepted and the plaintiff is unable to actually deposit the bail, he will be effectively denied the right to access the courts, because if he does not deposit the bail, his claim will be struck out.

For this reason, the courts are not in a hurry to accept every request for bail, and relatively strict conditions have been set in the case law that determine in which cases the court may grant a request for bail.

Court ruling on bail

במסגרת רע"א 2892/23 גלובל אפ טכנלוגיות (2010) בע"מ ואח' נ' הלן טרוויס בית המשפט העליון קבע מתי ראוי ולא ראוי לקבל בקשה להפקדת ערובה. בית המשפט קבע, בין היתר, כך:

תקנה 157(א) לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשע"ט-2018 (להלן: התקנות), אשר החליפה את תקנה 519(א) לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשמ"ד-1984, שנוסחה דומה, מקנה לבית המשפט שיקול דעת לחייב תובע בהפקדת ערובה לתשלום הוצאות הנתבע. The purpose of this provision is to ensure payment of the defendant's expenses, particularly when the court believes that the claim is frivolous or that the prospects of the proceedings are slim. (ראו: רע"א 1007/08 עזבון המנוח עלי ג'אליה נ' מדינת ישראל, פסקה 5 (31.1.2010)).

תקנה 157(א) אינה קובעת מהם הקריטריונים להפעלת סמכותו של בית המשפט, ואולם הפסיקה התוותה שיקולים שונים המנחים את בתי המשפט בבואם להורות על הפקדת ערובה להוצאות הנתבע (ראו למשל: רע"א 2142/13 נעמאת נ' קרמין, פסקה 7 (13.11.2014) (להלן: עניין נעמאת)).

According to the law, as a general rule, a plaintiff's right to apply to the court for relief should not be conditioned on the deposit of a financial guarantee to secure the defendant's expenses, except in exceptional circumstances. This is due to the possible infringement of the right of access to the courts, which requires the court to exercise moderation and caution in exercising the discretion granted to it in this context. זה (ראו: רע"א 197/15 עזבון המנוחה אבלין מנסור ז"ל נ' חורי, פסקה 4 (21.4.2015); ע"א 477/19 חברת ג'י בי אם בניה בע"מ נ' מנהל מע"מ לוד, פסקה 8 (2.2.2021); רע"א 6353/12 אברהם נ' יגרמן, פסקה 5 (16.1.2013) (להלן: עניין אברהם); ע"א 7193/13 ש.א. פתרונות בע"מ נ' ברנע, פסקה 15 (22.9.2014)).

One of the exceptions recognized in the case law to the aforementioned rule is the case where the plaintiff is a foreign resident and is unable to point to assets in Israel from which the defendant could be reimbursed if his claim were rejected. Ostensibly, according to the aforementioned exception, the respondent was required to deposit a security deposit for the applicants' expenses.

אולם גם שיקול זה אינו עומד לבדו ובית המשפט רשאי לבחון שיקולים רלוונטיים נוספים, במטרה לאזן בין זכות הגישה לערכאות של התובע ובין אינטרס הנתבע להבטחת הוצאותיו (ענין נעמאת, בפסקה 7; רע"א 6066/00 אעדילי נ' חב' סלקום ישראל בע"מ, פסקה 4 (17.4.2001)). בענייננו, למעשה אין חולק כי המשיבה היא חסרת יכולת כלכלית בעקבות אבדן השקעותיה, ואין באפשרותה לשאת בהפקדת ערובה. לפיכך תביא הטלתה למחיקת תביעתה מבלי שזו תתברר לגופה.

Another relevant consideration is the respondent's claim that the applicants are legally responsible for her aforementioned financial situation. בית המשפט המחוזי בחן את טענת המשיבה בהקשר זה באופן לכאורי, כראוי לשלב הדיוני המוקדם בו מצוי ההליך, ומצא כי אין מדובר בטענת סרק וכי זו אינה "משוללת […] תימוכין". לפיכך, קבע, כי יש בשיקול האמור כדי להטות את הכף לעבר דחיית הבקשה. מסקנתו זו מקובלת עליי. In a situation where it is alleged that the defendants caused the plaintiff's poor financial situation, and on the face of it this is not an idle claim, it is appropriate for the court to exercise caution before ordering the imposition of a bond for expenses, the imposition of which could prevent the investigation of the claim on its merits.In this context, it was determined that:

"יש להיזהר שלא ללכת שולל אחר טענתם של נתבעים למצב כלכלי ירוד של תובעים, שכן עלול להיווצר מצב בו נתבעים 'ממנפים' את תוצאות עוולותיהם בכדי לחסום תובעים מלתבוע פיצוי בגינן" (עניין נעמאת, בפסקה 7; וראו גם: רע"א 10905/07 נאות אואזיס מלונות בע"מ נ' זיסר, פסקה 7 (13.7.2008).

הפקדת ערובה להבטחת הוצאות הנתבע
Depositing a bond to secure the defendant's expenses – the amounts can be very significant

בפסיקה אחרת של בית המשפט העליון במסגרת רע"א 5477/22 יחיאל אבוקרת ואח' נ' אקסודוס פירמיום 2015 בע"מ הוזכר כי הדרישה להפקיד ערובה עשויה להיות בגדר Abuse of legal proceedingsAmong other things, it was determined as follows:

תקנה 157(א) לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשע"ט-2018 (להלן: תקנות סדר הדין האזרחי), מעניקה לבית המשפט סמכות לצוות על התובע לתת ערובה לתשלום הוצאות הנתבע (ההדגשות אינן במקור – ר"ר):

"בית המשפט רשאי, אם נראה לו הדבר, לצוות על תובע לתת ערובה לתשלום הוצאותיו של נתבע".

The purpose of this regulation is, on the one hand, to preserve the right of access to the courts and to ensure payment of the defendant's expenses at an early stage of the proceedings, and on the other hand, to deter the filing of frivolous claims. (ע"א 477/19 חברת ג'י בי אם בניה בע"מ נ' מנהל מע"מ לוד, פס' 8 לפסק דינו של השופט י' עמית (2.2.2021)).

Note: The court's authority to require a bond for the payment of legal costs relates only to the initiator of the proceedings, and this for two main purposes. The first purpose, and the central one of the two, is to ensure the payment of the costs of the passive party, the one on whom the proceedings were imposed, if the proceedings against him are ultimately dismissed and costs are terminated in his favor.

The second purpose is to prevent abuse of the right of access to the courts and to deter the filing of frivolous proceedings. The requirement to deposit a security for costs serves as a means of distinguishing between a proceeding that the party initiating it believes to be justified and one that is filed for purely strategic reasons. (רע"א 7687/18 מנהל מע"מ לוד נ' מרעב חסן בנייה וסחר בע"מ, פס' 8 לפסק דינו של השופט ע' גרוסקופף (15.7.2020); רע"א 1378/21 ליאב יזמות וניהול פרוייקטים בע"מ נ' עו"ד משה תורג'מן, פס' 13 לפסק דינו של השופט ע' גרוסקופף (22.8.2021)).

What emerges from the above is therefore that a request for a guarantee for the payment of expenses is a request that a defendant can request from the court against a plaintiff, and not vice versa, as was done in our case. Consequently, this component of the request should be rejected.

עורך דין תביעות
Need professional legal advice on depositing bail? Contact Attorney Eddie Blitstein

In conclusion

The plaintiff may be required to post a bond to secure the defendant's expenses pursuant to Regulation 157 of the Civil Procedure Regulations.

In order for the court to order the plaintiff to post a bond, the defendant must show that the chances of the lawsuit are not high and that at the end of the lawsuit the defendant will not be able to receive legal costs from the plaintiff.

There is sometimes a conflict between a requirement to post bail and the right of access to the courts. Powerful entities sued by a financially weak plaintiff may try to make it difficult for the plaintiff by requiring him to post bail. If the request is granted and the plaintiff does not post bail, then his claim will be struck out. For this reason, the court will not rush to accept bail applications.

Frequently asked questions about depositing a security deposit

  • Can the defendant require the plaintiff to post bail?

    Yes. The application may be granted if the defendant proves that the plaintiff's claim is Irrelevant claim or a vexatious lawsuit, and that if the proceedings are carried out to the end and the plaintiff loses, he will not be able to pay the defendant Legal expenses.

  • Can the plaintiff require the defendant to post bail?

    There is no such possibility according to the Civil Procedure Regulations.

  • Can a security deposit be required as part of an appeal?

    phobia Filing an appeal The appellant must post a bond as a condition for the appeal to be considered on its merits. If the bond is not posted, the appeal will be dismissed.

  • What is the maximum amount that can be requested in a request for a security deposit?

    The Civil Procedure Regulations do not set a minimum or maximum amount. This is at the discretion of the court, depending on the circumstances of the individual case before it.

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