רשימת עדים זוהי פרוצדורה משפטית חדשה אשר נכנסה לתוקף בשנת 2021 כחלק מתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, תשע"ט – 2018. טרם כניסתן של תקנות אלה לתוקף לא הייתה חובה להגיש רשימת עדים ובעל דין היה רשאי לבקש את זימונם של העדים כמעט בכל שלב.
The purpose of a witness list is to inform the court and the opposing party who the parties' witnesses are to the lawsuit, and what the purpose of their summons is. This allows the parties and the court to better prepare for court hearings.
The legal provision stipulating that a list of witnesses must be submitted
The requirement to submit a list of witnesses before Pre-trial The first is regulated by Regulation 62, which states as follows:
The plaintiff shall submit up to twenty days before the first pre-trial meeting, and the defendant shall submit up to fourteen days thereafter, the list of witnesses whom he intends to call to testify, for the purpose of presenting documents or for the issuance of a public servant certificate or public certificate; the list shall include, next to each witness, a concise description of the need and purpose of his testimony; if there is a real concern that a witness will be influenced or if there is another sufficient reason, the party may indicate this in the list without indicating his name and the required details, and the matter shall be resolved at the pre-trial meeting.

This means that the plaintiff must submit a list of witnesses on his behalf up to 20 days before the pre-trial, and the defendant must submit the list of witnesses up to 7 days before the pre-trial. Both parties must specify who their witnesses are and what the purpose of their testimony is. If there is concern that one of the parties will try to influence the opposing party's witnesses, it is possible to state that there are witnesses but without specifying their names.
What happens if a witness list is not submitted?
Despite the entry of Civil Procedure Regulations, תשע"ט – 2018 לתוקף עוד בשנת 2021, עדיין לא כל עורכי הדין פועלים כנדרש, ורבים פשוט מתעלמים מחובתם להגיש רשימת עדים. יתכן שהדבר נובע מהנחה שגויה שגם אם לא תוגש על ידם רשימת עדים הם יוכלו לזמן את עדיהם בקלות. לאור פסיקת בית המשפט העליון זה לא המצב.
בעניין זה בית המשפט העליון, במסגרת רע"א 6685/21 דוד יעקב נ' לביב נבואני (פסק דין מיום 29.11.2011), קבע, בין היתר, כך:
במאמר מוסגר, יצוין כי בתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשע"ט-2018 (להלן: התקסד"א החדשות), אמנם לא קיימת הוראה מקבילה לתקנה 168(ב) לתקסד"א הישנות, ואולם תקנה 62 לתקסד"א החדשות קובעת מועדים קשיחים להגשת רשימת העדים שבכוונת כל אחד מהצדדים להזמין במסגרת ההליך, כאשר חריגה מאותם המועדים, ובכלל זאת הגשת בקשה לזמן עד אשר לא הופיע ברשימה האמורה, תתאפשר רק ברשות בית המשפט, and for reasons that may justify this deviation (See: Issachar Rosen-Zvi The Reform of the Civil Procedure Code: A Teacher for the Perplexed 351-350 (2021); Yaakov Shaked The New Civil Procedure Code 300 (2019)).
עוד יש לציין כי בניגוד למדיניות המקלה שהייתה נהוגה בהתאם לתקסד"א הישנות, תחת התקסד"א החדשות לא בנקל תתקבל בקשה לחריגה ממועד אשר נקבע על ידי התקנות או על ידי בית המשפט, וזאת מתוך הבנה כי "עמידה על כללי סדר הדין היא המאפשרת גישה אפקטיבית לכלל המתדיינים בבית המשפט באופן שוויוני, הוגן ותוך שימוש סביר במשאבי בית המשפט" (דברי ההסבר לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, תשע"ט-2018, עמ' 3).
In other words, according to the Supreme Court's position (a position that binds all lower courts), if one of the parties has not submitted a list of witnesses, he will not be able to summon his witnesses except with the permission of the court. However, the court's permission will not be given easily because there is an understanding that this procedural omission may harm the efficiency of the hearing and waste judicial time, which is a valuable public resource.

ניתן למצוא בקלות דוגמאות נוספות של עמדת בית המשפט העליון בעניין אי הגשת רשימת עדים במועד. כך לדוגמה במסגרת רע"א 2672/22 מחצבי אבן נ' רשות מקרקעי ישראל (פסק דין מיום 26.5.2022):
In our case, and as the trial court determined, already at the time the defense was filed on behalf of the respondent, the applicant should have been aware that within the framework of the proceedings it would be required to prove that the allocation practice it alleges existed in the quarrying industry in the past. Since, in the applicant's view, Mr. Lorberbaum is a relevant and essential witness for this purpose, and since he is a witness under her control as someone employed by her, she was expected to include him in the list of witnesses she submitted on her behalf from the outset, however, she did not do so. The applicant explained this omission by saying that the list of witnesses was submitted before the procedures for the discovery of documents in the case were completed, however, no new information was discovered within the framework of these proceedings that would have affected or changed the aforementioned need to prove the existence of the practice, and the usefulness of Mr. Lorberbaum's testimony on these matters.
אי לכך, בהינתן שאין בהסברה של המבקשת כדי להצדיק את הימנעותה מהכללתו של לורברוים ברשימת העדים מטעמה, ובשים לב למגמה המאפיינת את התקסד"א החדשות של יתר הקפדה על עמידת הצדדים בדרישות סדרי הדין (ראו והשוו: רע"א 3510/21 נצר נ' קונפינו, פסקה 9 [פורסם בנבו] (25.8.2021); רע"א 6685/21 יעקב נ' נבואני, פסקה 10 [פורסם בנבו] (29.11.2021); רע"א 7176/21 עיריית חדרה נ' הלברשטיין, פסקאות 11-10 [פורסם בנבו] (12.12.2021); רע"א 1061/22 פלוני נ' שירותי בריאות כללית, פסקה 11 [פורסם בנבו] (7.4.2022)), לא מצאתי כי החלטת בית המשפט קמא חריגה באופן המגלה עילה להתערבות ערכאת הערעור.
Needless to say, my decision does not prevent the reviewing court from reexamining its decision, to the extent it deems appropriate to do so in light of developments that will occur during the trial (including the recent postponement of the evidence dates in light of the health condition of the sole witness on behalf of the applicant).
What do you do if you want additional witnesses who are not listed on the witness list to testify?
The correct way to deal with a situation where witnesses were forgotten or accidentally omitted and were not listed in the witness list is to submit a request to amend the witness list. The request must be submitted immediately after the need for the additional witness's testimony becomes known. The more time that passes from the date you learn of the need to summon the additional witness until the date the request is actually submitted, the less likely it is that the court will grant the request.
As part of this request, it must be specified why the witnesses were not listed in the witness list submitted to the court file from the beginning, and why their testimony is necessary at this stage.
בעניין אי פירוט כל העדים במסגרת רשימת עדים והגשת בקשה לזימונם בשלב מאוחר יותר נקבע במסגרת ת"א 52352-06-19 א.ב.א ויקטורי חברה לניהול ואחזקות בע"מ נ' ברנד פור יו (פסק דין מיום 30.5.2022), בין היתר כך:
תקנה 62 לתקנות קובעת את המועדים להגשת רשימות עדים: לכל המאוחר 20 יום (עדי התובע) ו – 14 ימים (עדי הנתבע), לפני ישיבת קדם המשפט. בתקנות (החדשות) אין הוראה בדומה לתקנה 168 (ב) לתקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, התשמ"ד- 1984, שהסמיכה את בית המשפט להתיר הזמנת עדים נוספים. והלכה פסוקה היא, כי הסמכות נותרה בעינה גם לאחר כניסה לתוקף של התקנות החדשות (ראו: פסק דינו של כב' השופט גרוסקופף ברע"א 6685/21 David Yaakov v. Leviv Naboani, paragraph 10 [Published in Nevo] (29.11.2021)).
We note this in the words of the scholar Rosen Zvi (Issachar Rosen-Zvi, The Reform of the Civil Jurisprudence: Teacher embarrassed, 350-351 (2021)) (להלן-"רוזן-צבי") who believes that the rule set out in Regulation 49 (g) concerning adding a request to the list of requests should be applied in this case: בקשה שלא נכללה ברשימת הבקשות, לא יהיה ניתן להגישה במועד מאוחר יותר אלא ברשות בית המשפט.. רשות כאמור לא תינתן, אלא אם כן שוכנע בית המשפט כי לא היה ניתן לציין את הבקשה ברשימת הבקשות או כי לבעל הדין הצדק סביר למחדלו; אישר בית המשפט הגשת בקשה במועד מאוחר יותר, רשאי הוא להורות על דרך הדיון בה".
The main considerations for granting permission to add a witness to a submitted witness list are: Count Zvi (p. 351): If the party proves that at the time of filing the original motion, he could not have known about the need for the additional witness to testify; the motion was filed immediately upon becoming aware of the need and by giving weight to the degree of relevance of the witness for the purpose of proving the party's claims and the stage at which the proceedings are. The court must balance the various interests of discovering the truth on the one hand and the public interest in conducting an efficient and fair proceeding on the other. The more necessary the witness is and the issue the subject of his testimony is at the heart of the matter, the less weight should be given to the time of presenting additional evidence (see on the subject of presenting additional evidence).: רע"א 2070/18 Yossi Tzafar v. Danny Madar [פורסם בנבו] (26.03.2018); רע"א 6165/15 אירוטל בע"מ נ' סלקום ישראל בע"מ [פורסם בנבו] (13.12.2015) (להלן- "The Aerotel Affair").
And everything, with care "למגמה המאפיינת את The new Civil Procedure Regulations של יתר הקפדה על עמידת הצדדים בדרישות סדרי הדין" (רע"א 1061/22 A certain person v. Clalit Health Services, Paragraph 11 [Published in Nevo] (07.04.2022) and references therein).
…
However, I was convinced that the case of Ateret and the suppliers who replaced her are very relevant to proving the applicant's defense claims. In light of this, and since the defense case has not yet begun, I came to the conclusion that there is reason to grant the request and allow the witnesses Kedoshim, Turgeman and Allel to be brought to testify.
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The rules of procedure are not a bed of Sodom, but they should not be made into a rule or a rule of thumb, and they are not merely recommendations. When the party does not provide a serious explanation for the reason why he did not act in accordance with them, or when no satisfactory explanation is given that the circumstances in which the rules of law must be deviated from for the sake of another very important interest, his request will be rejected.
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I order the applicant to pay costs in favor of the respondent in the amount of 25,000 NIS.
In this case, the court did approve the summoning of additional witnesses who were not listed on the witness list, but ordered the applicant to pay legal costs in the amount of 25,000 shekels. It should be emphasized that not all of the additional witnesses were approved by the court in this case.
Legal expenses בסך 25 אלף ש"ח בגין מחדל הרלוונטי לסוגיית רשימת עדים נחשבות להוצאות גבוהות מאוד וחריגות.

In conclusion
A witness list is a legal procedure that many tend to underestimate. A witness list is a very important procedure and great thought should be given before submitting it, as summoning additional witnesses not listed in the witness list may be a difficult task as the procedure continues.
If you nevertheless discover that you are interested in or must have additional witnesses present in order to win the trial, you must submit a request to add witnesses to the witness list or a request to allow additional witnesses to appear to testify in your favor.
The sooner you submit the application and the more time before the The evidence discussion, this increases the chances that your request will be accepted. Keep in mind that amending the witness list may involve paying legal costs in a non-negligible amount.
It is always advisable to consult with Claims lawyer Experienced before submitting a witness list or a request to amend a witness list.
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Witness List
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What is a witness list?
A witness list is a list that must be submitted in every Civil lawsuit or Financial claim or Class action lawsuit, עליה חלות תקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, תשע"ט – 2018, ובמסגרתה יש לפרט מיהם העדים שיבואו להעיד מטעמכם, ומהי תמצית עדותם.
If there is a concern that the opposing party will try to influence the witnesses on your behalf, it is possible not to list their names as part of the witness list.
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Who must submit a witness list?
A witness list must be submitted by both the plaintiff and the defendant.
The plaintiff must submit the witness list up to 20 days before the first pre-trial, and the defendant must submit the witness list up to 7 days before the first pre-trial. -
Is it possible to have witnesses testify without submitting a witness list?
If the opposing party does not object, it is likely that the court will allow witness testimony even if no witness list has been submitted.
However, if the opposing party objects, there is a possibility that you will not be able to present witnesses at all. -
What can be done if a list of witnesses was not submitted and I still want to summon witnesses?
In such a case, a request must be submitted as soon as possible to allow the witnesses to be summoned, even though a list of witnesses has not been submitted.